iPad

Finish

Wi-Fi
Wi-Fi + Cellular

Wi-Fi
Wi-Fi + Cellular

Available at authorized resellers

Wi-Fi
Wi-Fi + Cellular

Wi-Fi
Wi-Fi + Cellular

Available at authorized resellers

Wi-Fi
Wi-Fi + Cellular

Available at authorized resellers

Buy

Summary

12.9″ Liquid Retina display¹
ProMotion technology and
True Tone

11″ Liquid Retina display¹
ProMotion technology and
True Tone

12.9″ Retina display
ProMotion technology and True Tone

12.9″ Retina display

9.7″ Retina display
True Tone

10.5″ Retina display
ProMotion technology and True Tone

10.5″ Retina display
True Tone

9.7″ Retina display

10.2″ Retina display

9.7″ Retina display

7.9″ Retina display
True Tone

7.9″ Retina display

Face ID

Touch ID

Not Applicable

Touch ID

Not Applicable

A12X Bionic chip
with Neural Engine

A10X Fusion chip

A9X chip

A10X Fusion chip

A12 Bionic chip
with Neural Engine

A8X chip

A7 chip

A10 Fusion chip

A9 chip

A12 Bionic chip
with Neural Engine

A8 chip

A7 chip

Up to 1TB

Up to 512GB

Up to 256GB

Up to 512GB

Up to 256GB

Up to 128GB

Up to 256GB

Up to 128GB

Compatible with
Apple Pencil (2nd generation)

Compatible with
Apple Pencil (1st generation)

Not Applicable

Compatible with
Apple Pencil (1st generation)

Not Applicable

Compatible with
Apple Pencil (1st generation)

Not Applicable

Compatible with
Smart Keyboard Folio and
Bluetooth keyboards

Compatible with
Smart Keyboard (12.9-inch) and
Bluetooth keyboards

Compatible with
Smart Keyboard (9.7-inch) and
Bluetooth keyboards

Compatible with
Smart Keyboard (10.5-inch) and
Bluetooth keyboards

Compatible with
Smart Keyboard and
Bluetooth keyboards

Compatible with
Bluetooth keyboards

Compatible with
Smart Keyboard and
Bluetooth keyboards

Compatible with
Bluetooth keyboards

USB-C connector

Lightning connector

Capacity²

Wi-Fi
64GB
256GB
512GB
1TB

Wi-Fi
64GB
256GB
512GB
1TB

Wi-Fi
64GB Not Applicable
256GB Not Applicable
512GB Not Applicable

Wi-Fi
32GB Not Applicable
128GB Not Applicable
256GB Not Applicable

Wi-Fi
32GB Not Applicable
128GB Not Applicable
256GB Not Applicable

Wi-Fi
64GB Not Applicable
256GB Not Applicable
512GB Not Applicable

Wi-Fi
64GB
256GB

Wi-Fi
16GB Not Applicable
64GB Not Applicable
128GB Not Applicable

Wi-Fi
16GB Not Applicable
32GB Not Applicable
128GB Not Applicable

Wi-Fi
32GB
128GB

Wi-Fi
32GB Not Applicable
128GB Not Applicable

Wi-Fi
32GB Not Applicable
128GB Not Applicable

Wi-Fi
64GB
256GB

Wi-Fi
16GB Not Applicable
64GB Not Applicable
128GB Not Applicable

Wi-Fi
16GB Not Applicable
64GB Not Applicable
128GB Not Applicable

Wi-Fi
16GB Not Applicable
32GB Not Applicable
64GB Not Applicable
128GB Not Applicable

Wi-Fi + Cellular
64GB
256GB
512GB
1TB

Wi-Fi + Cellular
64GB
256GB
512GB
1TB

Wi-Fi + Cellular
64GB Not Applicable
256GB Not Applicable
512GB Not Applicable

Wi-Fi + Cellular
128GB Not Applicable
256GB Not Applicable

Wi-Fi + Cellular
32GB Not Applicable
128GB Not Applicable
256GB Not Applicable

Wi-Fi + Cellular
64GB Not Applicable
256GB Not Applicable
512GB Not Applicable

Wi-Fi + Cellular
64GB
256GB

Wi-Fi + Cellular
16GB Not Applicable
64GB Not Applicable
128GB Not Applicable

Wi-Fi + Cellular
16GB Not Applicable
32GB Not Applicable
128GB Not Applicable

Wi-Fi + Cellular
32GB
128GB

Wi-Fi + Cellular
32GB Not Applicable
128GB Not Applicable

Wi-Fi + Cellular
32GB Not Applicable
128GB Not Applicable

Wi-Fi + Cellular
64GB
256GB

Wi-Fi + Cellular
16GB Not Applicable
64GB Not Applicable
128GB Not Applicable

Wi-Fi + Cellular
16GB Not Applicable
64GB Not Applicable
128GB Not Applicable

Wi-Fi + Cellular
16GB Not Applicable
32GB Not Applicable
64GB Not Applicable
128GB Not Applicable

Size and Weight³

Height280.6 mm

(11.04 inches)

Height247.6 mm

(9.74 inches)

Height305.7 mm

(12 inches)

Height240 mm

(9.4 inches)

Height250.6 mm

(9.8 inches)

Height240 mm

(9.4 inches)

Height250.6 mm

(9.8 inches)

Height240 mm

(9.4 inches)

Height203.2 mm

(8.0 inches)

Height200 mm

(7.87 inches)

Width214.9 mm

(8.46 inches)

Width178.5 mm

(7.02 inches)

Width220.6 mm

(8.68 inches)

Width169.5 mm

(6.6 inches)

Width174.1 mm

(6.8 inches)

Width169.5 mm

(6.6 inches)

Width174.1 mm

(6.8 inches)

Width169.5 mm

(6.6 inches)

Width134.8 mm

(5.3 inches)

Width134.7 mm

(5.3 inches)

Depth5.9 mm

(0.23 inch)

Depth6.9 mm

(0.27 inch)

Depth6.1 mm

(0.24 inch)

Depth7.5 mm

(0.29 inch)

Depth6.1 mm

(0.24 inch)

Depth7.5 mm

(0.29 inch)

Weight (Wi-Fi)631 grams

(1.39 pounds)

Weight (Wi-Fi)468 grams

(1.03 pounds)

Weight (Wi-Fi)677 grams

(1.49 pounds)

Weight (Wi-Fi)713 grams

(1.57 pounds)

Weight (Wi-Fi)437 grams

(0.96 pound)

Weight (Wi-Fi)469 grams

(1.03 pounds)

Weight (Wi-Fi)456 grams

(1.0 pound)

Weight (Wi-Fi)437 grams

(0.96 pound)

Weight (Wi-Fi)469 grams

(1 pound)

Weight (Wi-Fi)483 grams

(1.07 pounds)

Weight (Wi-Fi)469 grams

(1.03 pounds)

Weight (Wi-Fi)300.5 grams

(0.66 pound)

Weight (Wi-Fi)298.8 grams

(0.65 pound)

Weight (Wi-Fi)331 grams

(0.73 pound)

Weight (Wi-Fi + Cellular)633 grams

(1.4 pounds)

Weight (Wi-Fi + Cellular)468 grams

(1.03 pounds)

Weight (Wi-Fi + Cellular)692 grams

(1.53 pounds)

Weight (Wi-Fi + Cellular)723 grams

(1.59 pounds)

Weight (Wi-Fi + Cellular)444 grams

(0.98 pound)

Weight (Wi-Fi + Cellular)477 grams

(1.05 pounds)

Weight (Wi-Fi + Cellular)464 grams

(1.02 pounds)

Weight (Wi-Fi + Cellular)444 grams

(0.98 pound)

Weight (Wi-Fi + Cellular)478 grams

(1.05 pounds)

Weight (Wi-Fi + Cellular)493 grams

(1.09 pounds)

Weight (Wi-Fi + Cellular)478 grams

(1.05 pounds)

Weight (Wi-Fi + Cellular)308.2 grams

(0.68 pound)

Weight (Wi-Fi + Cellular)304 grams

(0.67 pound)

Weight (Wi-Fi + Cellular)341 grams

(0.75 pound)

Display

Liquid Retina display

Retina display

12.9-inch (diagonal) LED-backlit with

Multi‑Touch and IPS technology¹

11-inch (diagonal) LED-backlit with

Multi‑Touch and IPS technology¹

12.9-inch (diagonal) LED-backlit with

Multi‑Touch and IPS technology

9.7-inch (diagonal) LED-backlit with

Multi‑Touch and IPS technology

10.5-inch (diagonal) LED-backlit with

Multi‑Touch and IPS technology

9.7-inch (diagonal) LED-backlit with

Multi‑Touch and IPS technology

10.2-inch (diagonal) LED-backlit with

Multi‑Touch and IPS technology

9.7-inch (diagonal) LED-backlit with

Multi‑Touch and IPS technology

7.9-inch (diagonal) LED-backlit with

Multi‑Touch and IPS technology

2732‑by‑2048 resolution at 264 ppi

2388‑by‑1668 resolution at 264 ppi

2732‑by‑2048 resolution at 264 ppi

2048‑by‑1536 resolution at 264 ppi

2224‑by‑1668 resolution at 264 ppi

2048‑by‑1536 resolution at 264 ppi

2160-by-1620 resolution at 264 ppi

2048‑by‑1536 resolution at 264 ppi

2048‑by‑1536 resolution at 326 ppi

600 cd/m2 max brightness (typical)

400 cd/m2 max brightness (typical)

500 cd/m2 max brightness (typical)

600 cd/m2 max brightness (typical)

500 cd/m2 max brightness (typical)

400 cd/m2 max brightness (typical)

500 cd/m2 max brightness (typical)

400 cd/m2 max brightness (typical)

Fingerprint-resistant oleophobic coating

Fully laminated display

Not Applicable

Fully laminated display

Not Applicable

Antireflective coating

Not Applicable

Antireflective coating

Not Applicable

ProMotion technology

Not Applicable

ProMotion technology

Not Applicable

Wide color display (P3)

Full sRGB standard

Wide color display (P3)

Full sRGB standard

Not Applicable

Full sRGB standard

Wide color display (P3)

Full sRGB standard

Not Applicable

True Tone display

Not Applicable

True Tone display

Not Applicable

True Tone display

Not Applicable

Chip

A12X Bionic chip with 64-bit desktop-class architecture

A10X Fusion chip with 64-bit desktop-class architecture

A9X chip with 64-bit desktop-class architecture

A10X Fusion chip with 64-bit desktop-class architecture

A12 Bionic chip with 64-bit desktop-class architecture

A8X chip with 64-bit desktop-class architecture

A7 chip with 64-bit desktop-class architecture

A10 Fusion fourth-generation chip with 64-bit desktop-class architecture

A9 chip with 64-bit desktop-class architecture

A12 Bionic chip with 64-bit desktop-class architecture

A8 chip with 64-bit desktop-class architecture

A7 chip with 64-bit desktop-class architecture

Neural Engine

Not Applicable

Neural Engine

Not Applicable

Neural Engine

Not Applicable

Embedded M12 coprocessor

Embedded M10 coprocessor

Embedded M9 coprocessor

Embedded M10 coprocessor

Embedded M12 coprocessor

M8 coprocessor

M7 coprocessor

Embedded M10 coprocessor

Embedded M9 coprocessor

Embedded M12 coprocessor

M8 coprocessor

M7 coprocessor

Power and Battery⁴

Up to 10 hours of surﬁng the web on Wi‑Fi, watching video, or listening to music
Up to 9 hours of surﬁng the web using cellular data network
Charging via USB-C to computer system or power adapter

Up to 10 hours of surﬁng the web on Wi‑Fi, watching video, or listening to music
Up to 9 hours of surﬁng the web using cellular data network
Charging via USB to computer system or power adapter

Up to 10 hours of surﬁng the web on Wi‑Fi, watching video, or listening to music
Up to 9 hours of surﬁng the web using cellular data network
Charging via USB to computer system or power adapter

Up to 10 hours of surﬁng the web on Wi‑Fi, watching video, or listening to music
Up to 9 hours of surﬁng the web using cellular data network
Charging via USB-C to computer system or power adapter

Up to 10 hours of surﬁng the web on Wi‑Fi, watching video, or listening to music
Up to 9 hours of surﬁng the web using cellular data network
Charging via USB to computer system or power adapter

Up to 10 hours of surﬁng the web on Wi‑Fi, watching video, or listening to music
Up to 9 hours of surﬁng the web using cellular data network
Charging via USB to computer system or power adapter

Up to 10 hours of surﬁng the web on Wi‑Fi, watching video, or listening to music
Up to 9 hours of surﬁng the web using cellular data network
Charging via USB to computer system or power adapter

Up to 10 hours of surﬁng the web on Wi‑Fi, watching video, or listening to music
Up to 9 hours of surﬁng the web using cellular data network
Charging via USB to computer system or power adapter

Up to 10 hours of surﬁng the web on Wi‑Fi, watching video, or listening to music
Up to 9 hours of surﬁng the web using cellular data network
Charging via USB to computer system or power adapter

Up to 10 hours of surﬁng the web on Wi‑Fi, watching video, or listening to music
Up to 9 hours of surﬁng the web using cellular data network
Charging via USB to computer system or power adapter

Up to 10 hours of surﬁng the web on Wi‑Fi, watching video, or listening to music
Up to 9 hours of surﬁng the web using cellular data network
Charging via USB to computer system or power adapter

Up to 10 hours of surﬁng the web on Wi‑Fi, watching video, or listening to music
Up to 9 hours of surﬁng the web using cellular data network
Charging via USB to computer system or power adapter

Up to 10 hours of surﬁng the web on Wi‑Fi, watching video, or listening to music
Up to 9 hours of surﬁng the web using cellular data network
Charging via USB to computer system or power adapter

Up to 10 hours of surﬁng the web on Wi‑Fi, watching video, or listening to music
Up to 9 hours of surﬁng the web using cellular data network
Charging via USB to computer system or power adapter

Up to 10 hours of surﬁng the web on Wi‑Fi, watching video, or listening to music
Up to 9 hours of surﬁng the web using cellular data network
Charging via USB to computer system or power adapter

Up to 10 hours of surﬁng the web on Wi‑Fi, watching video, or listening to music
Up to 9 hours of surﬁng the web using cellular data network
Charging via USB to computer system or power adapter

Apple Pencil Compatibility

Learn more about Apple Pencil

Yes

Apple Pencil (2nd generation)

Yes

Apple Pencil (2nd generation)

Yes

Apple Pencil (1st generation)

Yes

Apple Pencil (1st generation)

Yes

Apple Pencil (1st generation)

Yes

Apple Pencil (1st generation)

Yes

Apple Pencil (1st generation)

No

Yes

Apple Pencil (1st generation)

Yes

Apple Pencil (1st generation)

No

Yes

Apple Pencil (1st generation)

No

Smart Keyboard Compatibility

Learn more about Smart Keyboard

Yes

Smart Keyboard Folio

Yes

Smart Keyboard Folio

Yes

Smart Keyboard

Yes

Smart Keyboard

Yes

Smart Keyboard

Yes

Smart Keyboard

Yes

Smart Keyboard

No

Yes

Smart Keyboard

No

Camera

12-megapixel photos

8-megapixel photos

12-megapixel photos

8-megapixel photos

5-megapixel photos

8-megapixel photos

5-megapixel photos

ƒ/1.8 aperture

ƒ/1.8 aperture with optical image stabilization

ƒ/2.4 aperture

ƒ/2.2 aperture

ƒ/1.8 aperture with optical image stabilization

ƒ/2.4 aperture

Live Photos with stabilization

Not Applicable

Live Photos

Live Photos with stabilization

Live Photos

Not Applicable

Live Photos

Not Applicable

Quad-LED True Tone flash

Not Applicable

True Tone flash

Quad-LED True Tone flash

Not Applicable

Wide color capture for photos and Live Photos

Not Applicable

Wide color capture for photos and Live Photos

Not Applicable

Wide color capture for photos and Live Photos

Not Applicable

Backside illumination

Five‑element lens

Six‑element lens

Five‑element lens

Six‑element lens

Five‑element lens

Hybrid IR ﬁlter

Autofocus with Focus Pixels

Autofocus

Autofocus with Focus Pixels

Autofocus

Tap to focus

Exposure control

Smart HDR for photos

Auto HDR for photos

HDR for photos

Auto HDR for photos

HDR for photos

Auto HDR for photos

HDR for photos

Panorama (up to 63 megapixels)

Panorama (up to 43 megapixels)

Panorama (up to 63 megapixels)

Panorama (up to 43 megapixels)

Panorama

Panorama (up to 43 megapixels)

Panorama

Burst mode

Not Applicable

Burst mode

Not Applicable

Timer mode

Not Applicable

Timer mode

Not Applicable

Photo geotagging

Video Recording

4K video recording at 30 fps or 60 fps

4K video recording 30 fps

1080p HD video recording at 30 fps

4K video recording 30 fps

1080p HD video recording at 30 fps

1080p HD video recording

Slo-mo video support for 1080p at 240 fps

Slo-mo video support for 1080p at 120 fps and 720p at 240 fps

Slo-mo video support for 720p at 120 fps

Slo-mo video support for 1080p at 120 fps and 720p at 240 fps

Slo-mo video support for 720p at 120 fps

Not Applicable

Slo-mo video support for 720p at 120 fps

Not Applicable

Time-lapse video with stabilization

Time-lapse video

Time-lapse video with stabilization

Time-lapse video

Cinematic video stabilization

Video stabilization

Cinematic video stabilization

Video stabilization

Continuous autofocus video

Tap to focus while recording

Continuous autofocus video

Tap to focus while recording

3x video zoom

Backside illumination

Video geotagging

Front Camera

TrueDepth camera

FaceTime HD camera

7-megapixel photos

1.2-megapixel photos

5-megapixel photos

7-megapixel photos

1.2-megapixel photos

7-megapixel photos

1.2-megapixel photos

Portrait mode

Not Applicable

ƒ2.2 aperture

Not Applicable

Portrait Lighting

Not Applicable

Animoji and Memoji

Not Applicable

Live Photos

Not Applicable

Live Photos

Not Applicable

Live Photos

Not Applicable

Retina Flash

Retina Flash with True Tone

Not Applicable

Retina Flash with True Tone

Retina Flash

Not Applicable

Retina Flash

Retina Flash with True Tone

Retina Flash

Not Applicable

Wide color capture for photos and Live Photos

Not Applicable

Wide color capture for photos and Live Photos

Not Applicable

Wide color capture for photos and Live Photos

Not Applicable

1080p HD video recording

720p HD video recording

1080p HD video recording

720p HD video recording

1080p HD video recording

720p HD video recording

Smart HDR for photos and videos

Auto HDR for photos and videos

Not Applicable

HDR for photos and videos

Auto HDR for photos and videos

Not Applicable

Backside illumination

Burst mode

Not Applicable

Burst mode

Not Applicable

FaceTime video calling over Wi‑Fi or cellular⁵

Audio

Four speaker audio

Two speaker audio

Secure Authentication

Face ID

Touch ID

Not Applicable

Touch ID

Not Applicable

Enabled by TrueDepth camera for facial recognition

Second-generation fingerprint identity sensor built into the Home button

Not Applicable

Fingerprint identity sensor built into the Home button

Second-generation fingerprint identity sensor built into the Home button

Fingerprint identity sensor built into the Home button

Not Applicable

Apple Pay

Learn more about Apple Pay

Pay with your iPad using Face ID within apps and on the web

Pay with your iPad using Touch ID within apps and on the web

Not Applicable

Pay with your iPad using Touch ID within apps and on the web

Not Applicable

Siri

Learn more about Siri

Use your voice to send messages, set reminders, and more

Activate with only your voice using “Hey Siri”

Not Applicable

Activate with only your voice using “Hey Siri”

Not Applicable

Activate with only your voice using “Hey Siri”

Not Applicable

Activate with only your voice using “Hey Siri”

Not Applicable

Listen and identify songs

Cellular and Wireless

Learn more about cellular data

All models

Wi‑Fi (802.11a/b/g/n/ac); 2.4GHz and 5GHz; simultaneous dual band; speeds up to 866 Mbps

Wi‑Fi (802.11a/b/g/n/ac); 2.4GHz and 5GHz; speeds up to 866 Mbps

Wi‑Fi (802.11a/b/g/n/ac); 2.4GHz and 5GHz; simultaneous dual band; speeds up to 866 Mbps

Wi‑Fi (802.11a/b/g/n/ac); 2.4GHz and 5GHz; speeds up to 866 Mbps

Wi‑Fi (802.11a/b/g/n); 2.4GHz and 5GHz; speeds up to 300 Mbps

Wi‑Fi (802.11a/b/g/n/ac); 2.4GHz and 5GHz; speeds up to 866 Mbps

Wi‑Fi (802.11a/b/g/n/ac); 2.4GHz and 5GHz; simultaneous dual band; speeds up to 866 Mbps

Wi‑Fi (802.11a/b/g/n/ac); 2.4GHz and 5GHz; speeds up to 866 Mbps

Wi‑Fi (802.11a/b/g/n); 2.4GHz and 5GHz; speeds up to 300 Mbps

MIMO

Bluetooth 5.0 technology

Bluetooth 4.2 technology

Bluetooth 5.0 technology

Bluetooth 4.0 technology

Bluetooth 4.2 technology

Bluetooth 5.0 technology

Bluetooth 4.2 technology

Bluetooth 4.0 technology

Wi‑Fi + Cellular

GSM/EDGE

Not Applicable

CDMA EV-DO Rev. A and Rev. B

Not Applicable

CDMA EV-DO Rev. A and Rev. B

Not Applicable

CDMA EV‑DO Rev. A

CDMA EV-DO Rev. A and Rev. B

Not Applicable

CDMA EV-DO Rev. A and Rev. B

UMTS/HSPA/HSPA+/DC‑HSDPA

Gigabit-class LTE (up to 29 bands)⁶

LTE Advanced (up to 25 bands); speeds up to 450 Mbps⁶

LTE (up to 20 bands); speeds up to 150 Mbps⁶

LTE Advanced (up to 23 bands); speeds up to 300 Mbps⁶

LTE Advanced (up to 25 bands); speeds up to 450 Mbps⁶

Gigabit-class LTE (up to 28 bands)⁶

LTE (up to 20 bands); speeds up to 150 Mbps⁶

LTE (up to 14 bands); speeds up to 100 Mbps⁶

Gigabit-class LTE (up to 27 bands)⁶

LTE (up to 22 bands); speeds up to 300 Mbps⁶

LTE (up to 21 bands); speeds up to 150 Mbps⁶

Gigabit-class LTE (up to 28 bands)⁶

LTE (up to 20 bands); speeds up to 150 Mbps⁶

LTE (up to 14 bands); speeds up to 100 Mbps⁶

Built‑in GPS/GNSS

Data only⁷

Wi-Fi calling⁶

SIM Card

Nano-SIM
(supports Apple SIM⁸)

Nano-SIM

Nano-SIM
(supports Apple SIM⁸)

Nano-SIM

eSIM⁸

Embedded Apple SIM⁸

Not Applicable

Embedded Apple SIM⁸

eSIM⁸

Not Applicable

eSIM⁸

Not Applicable

eSIM⁸

Not Applicable

Connector

USB-C

Lightning

Smart Connector (back)

Smart Connector (side)

Smart Connector

Not Applicable

Smart Connector

Not Applicable

Sensors

Face ID

Touch ID

Not Applicable

Touch ID

Not Applicable

Three-axis gyro

Accelerometer

Ambient light sensor

Barometer

Not Applicable

Barometer

Not Applicable

Compare iPad models

12.9-inch iPad Pro

iPad Air

11-inch iPad Pro

12.9‑inch iPad Pro
(2nd generation)

12.9‑inch iPad Pro
(1st generation)

10.5-inch iPad Pro

9.7-inch iPad Pro

iPad Air 2

iPad Air (1st generation)

iPad (6th generation)

iPad (5th generation)

iPad mini

iPad mini 4

iPad mini 3

iPad mini 2

Compare iPad models

12.9-inch iPad Pro

iPad Air

iPad

11-inch iPad Pro

12.9‑inch iPad Pro(2nd generation)

12.9‑inch iPad Pro(1st generation)

10.5-inch iPad Pro

9.7-inch iPad Pro

iPad Air 2

iPad Air (1st generation)

iPad (6th generation)

iPad (5th generation)

iPad mini

iPad mini 4

iPad mini 3

iPad mini 2

All iPad models

12.9‑inch iPad Pro

11‑inch iPad Pro

iPad Air

iPad

iPad mini

12.9‑inch iPad Pro (2nd generation)

12.9‑inch iPad Pro (1st generation)

10.5‑inch iPad Pro

9.7‑inch iPad Pro

iPad Air 2

iPad Air (1st generation)

iPad (6th generation)

iPad (5th generation)

iPad mini 4

iPad mini 3

iPad mini 2

12.9‑inch iPad Pro
(2nd generation)

12.9‑inch iPad Pro
(1st generation)